The epididymis stores sperm cells so they can completely mature. Mature sperm cells travel through the vas deferens. Along the way, fluids made by the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland mix with the sperm cells to create semen. The semen is pushed out of the body through the urethra during ejaculation. Sperm in the semen can fertilize a female egg to start a pregnancy. Stromal cells help other cells in the testicle. Different types of stromal cells do different things.
Sertoli nurse cells are a type of stromal cell found in the seminiferous tubules. They support the germ cells by helping make and transport sperm. Our team is working hard to put this right. The language we use We want everyone affected by cancer to feel our information is written for them. Print page. How we can help. If you need to talk, we'll listen. Share experiences, ask questions and talk to people who understand.
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New information will be coming soon. An epididymis is located on the top of each testicle. Each epididymis is a tightly coiled tube. The epididymis also absorbs extra fluid secreted by the testicle to help move sperm through the reproductive tract. Spermatic cord. Each spermatic cord contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, and a tube called the vas deferens. This tube moves sperm out of the epididymis into ejaculatory ducts. The blood vessels maintain the blood supply for the testicle, vas deferens, and cremaster muscle.
The nerves transport information from the spinal cord to and from the scrotum, testicles, and cremaster muscle. Cremaster muscle. Each cremaster muscle surrounds one of the testicles and its spermatic cord. The muscle helps to move the testicle toward and away from the body to maintain the ideal temperature for sperm production. This is why the scrotum hangs lower in warm conditions and closer to the body in cold weather.
Scrotum diagram. Explore the interactive 3-D diagram below to learn more about the scrotum. What conditions affect the scrotum? Inguinal hernia An inguinal hernia happens when part of your small intestine pokes through an opening in your abdominal wall into your scrotum. Hydrocele A hydrocele happens when excess fluid builds up in the cavities around one of your testicles.
Varicocele A varicocele is a swollen collection of veins in your scrotum. Spermatocele A spermatocele , or spermatic cyst, happens when a fluid-filled sac forms in the epididymis. Larger, more painful spermatoceles may need to be removed with surgery.
Testicular torsion Testicular torsion means that your testicle has rotated in the scrotum. Symptoms of testicular torsion include: severe scrotum pain and swelling testicle swelling lower abdomen pain nausea and vomiting testicle feeling higher or out of place urinating more than usual Seek emergency medical care for any of these symptoms. Several things may increase the risk of testicular torsion, including: injury to the scrotum exercising too long or hard free movement of the testicle in the scrotum caused by a genetic condition Testicular torsion occurs more frequently in young children, teens, and young adults.
Epididymitis Epididymitis happens when the epididymis becomes infected or inflamed. Symptoms of epididymitis can include: scrotum or testicle pain or tenderness warmness or redness in your scrotum unusual fluid coming from your penis frequent or painful urination bloody semen fever Depending on the type of infection, you may need to take antibiotics or antiviral medication.
Orchitis Orchitis refers to an infected or inflamed testicle. Orchitis symptoms include: testicular pain and tenderness swollen testicle fever nausea vomiting feeling significantly ill Treatment depends on the cause. Testicular cancer Testicular cancer happens when cells abnormally multiply within the tissue of your testicles. Symptoms of testicular cancer can include: lump in your testicle feeling of scrotum heaviness fluid buildup in your scrotum testicular pain abdomen or back pain swollen or tender breast tissue Treatment depends on your stage of cancer.
What are common symptoms of a scrotum condition? See your doctor if you notice any of the following common symptoms in your scrotum, testicles, or genital area: mild or severe pain that lasts a long time groin pain with activity swollen areas redness, rashes, or sores feeling of heaviness tender areas severe pain in your scrotum that happens without warning urinating more than usual blood in your urine or semen discharge or drainage from the penis Also see your doctor if you notice pain in your lower abdomen or back, or extra breast tissue growth.
Tips for a healthy scrotum. Here are some lifestyle tips for keeping your scrotum in good health: Do a monthly testicular self-exam. Roll each testicle around in your scrotum using your fingers. Factors that increase the risk of a scrotal mass vary because of the various causes of scrotal abnormalities. Significant risk factors include:. An undescended testicle doesn't leave the abdomen and enter the scrotum during fetal development or early infancy. A retractile testicle descends into the scrotum, but retreats to the abdomen.
Either might increase the risk of:. Abnormalities of the testicles, penis or kidneys present at birth congenital might increase the risk of a scrotal mass and testicular cancer later in life.
If you have had cancer in one testicle, you're at increased risk of cancer affecting the other testicle. Having a father or brother who has had testicular cancer also increases your risk. Not all scrotal masses result in long-term complications. However, any mass that affects the health or function of the testicle can lead to:.
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Overview Scrotal masses are abnormalities in the bag of skin hanging behind the penis scrotum. Male reproductive system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Male reproductive system The male reproductive system makes, stores and moves sperm. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Spermatocele Open pop-up dialog box Close.
Spermatocele A spermatocele, also known as a spermatic cyst, is a typically painless, noncancerous benign , fluid-filled sac that grows near the top of a testicle. Hydrocele Open pop-up dialog box Close. Hydrocele Hydrocele is the type of scrotal swelling that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath that surrounds the testicle.
Varicocele Open pop-up dialog box Close.
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